labelling scheme

A labelling scheme is a certification system that confirms goods, services or works meet specific requirements — such as environmental standards, social conditions or ethical trade. Think of it as a quality stamp: when a contracting authority requires a particular label, the label itself serves as proof that the criteria are met.

How do labelling schemes work in procurement?

Article 43 of EU Directive 2014/24/EU provides the framework for using labels in procurement. Contracting authorities can reference labels in three ways:

• As a technical specification: The authority requires a specific label, such as the EU Ecolabel. Tenders without the label or equivalent documentation may be rejected.
• As an award criterion: The label earns additional points during tender evaluation. Tenders without it can still compete but score lower.
• As a contract performance condition: The supplier commits to meeting label requirements at contract conclusion or at a later point during the contract period.

To require a specific label, four cumulative conditions under Article 43(1) must be met. The label requirements must relate to the subject matter of the contract, be based on objectively verifiable and non-discriminatory criteria, and be established through an open and transparent procedure.

Accepting equivalent labels

A contracting authority cannot lock a competition to a single label. The directive requires that equivalent labelling schemes be accepted where they meet comparable requirements. If a supplier cannot obtain the label within the submission deadline, alternative proof — such as test reports or technical documentation — must be accepted.

Common examples include the EU Ecolabel, Nordic Swan and Blue Angel for environmental criteria, and Fairtrade and Rainforest Alliance for social standards.

Tools like Cobrief can help suppliers identify tenders where labelling schemes form part of the requirements specification or award criteria, so they can prepare documentation in advance.

Labelling schemes give contracting authorities an efficient way to set ambitious environmental and social requirements without specifying every technical detail. They simplify green public procurement and help direct public spending toward sustainable solutions.